top of page
Philosophy of Technology Mental Health

Mental Health
& Technology

Essential Reading

Data & Diagnosis

Books that marshal evidence and statistics to show what’s happening to our minds in the digital age.

Generations.jpg

Overturns the old idea that generations are shaped mainly by historic events. Drawing on surveys of 39 million people across nearly a century, she shows technology as the real engine of generational change. Maps how shifting tech reshapes views on gender, politics, money, race, sexuality, marriage, mental health, and more. One of the most cited and controversial books in the field. 

Chaos_Machine.jpg

Draws on years of global reporting to expose how Facebook, Twitter, YouTube, and others exploited human frailty to build algorithms that push ordinary users toward extreme views and actions. With ruthless clarity, he shows how the platforms’ founding principles—paired with an obsession with engagement—have left the world dangerously destabilized.

Digital_Mental_Health.jpg

Equips mental health professionals to harness digital change, improve services, and deliver better patient care. It surveys the digital mental health landscape—from tech-enabled care and big data to NHS challenges and professional training—offering a vital guide for clinicians seeking to use technology for their patients’ good.

Anxious.jpg

The Anxious Generation, Jonathan Haidt (Penguin, 2024)

Very popular. Haidt argues that smartphones and social media rewired childhood, fueling an epidemic of teen anxiety and depression. Whether you agree with all his solutions or not, it has already shifted policy debates, school practices, and parenting conversations worldwide.

Unwired_Bernstein.jpg

Argues that we are not fully responsible for how we choose our time online, placing moral responsibility on corporations instead. Drawing on lessons from tobacco and food industries, it argues for government regulation to curb tech addiction and highlights a growing grassroots movement already pressing its case in courts and legislatures.

 

Oxford_Handbook_Digital_Tech_Mental_Health.jpg

A comprehensive scholarly compendium of new articles by leading scholars featuring review articles, epidemiological data, and diagnostic/therapeutic implications across psychiatric disorders.

Attention & Presence

Books that marshal evidence and statistics to show what’s happening to our minds in the digital age.

Stolen_Focus.jpg

Award-winning journalist traces the attention crisis from dopamine-hijacking apps to broken sleep schedules and collapsing education systems. What makes it stick is his honesty—it’s part cultural critique, part personal confession, and wholly readable.

Reclaiming_Conversation_Turkle.jpg

Turkle, a longtime MIT scholar, argues that losing face-to-face conversation is costing us empathy and depth. She shows how even a phone on the table changes intimacy. Nearly a decade later, her insights feel more urgent than ever, a prophetic call to put down the phone and truly see each other..

Digital_Minimalism_Newport.jpg

Digital Minimalism

Newport popularized the idea that we don’t just need less technology—we need a philosophy of how to use it. His “digital declutter” method has become a movement in schools, workplaces, and even churches. It’s practical, but more importantly, it gives you a vision of freedom.

Addiction & Design

Books that expose how our devices and platforms are engineered to keep us hooked.

​

6. Irresistible, Adam Alter (Penguin, 2017)

  • How behavioral design turned smartphones into slot machines for our brains.​​​ Alter explains why our devices are so hard to resist—they’re designed that way. He draws on psychology to show how social media and apps hook us with the same cues as gambling and drugs. This book changed the way we talk about “addiction” in the digital age.

​

Scholarly Overviews

Books that summarize the research landscape with balance and depth.

​​

7. Social Media and Mental Health, Allan House and Cathy Brennan, eds. (Cambridge University Press, 2023).

  • The most authoritative academic collection on what we know about social media’s effects. Brings together leading scholars and clinicians to map out what we actually know about social media’s effects. It doesn’t sensationalize—it examines evidence, nuance, and complexity. If you want the most authoritative academic resource right now, start here.

​

8. Digital Media and Child and Adolescent Mental Health, Michelle O'Reilly (SAGE, 2021)

  • Evidence-based guide for teachers, parents, and clinicians working with young people. O’Reilly distills the research into a practical guide for teachers, parents, and clinicians. She cuts through fearmongering headlines and offers balanced, evidence-based advice. It’s especially helpful if you’re working directly with young people and need clarity, not panic.

​​

Human Stories & Clinical Insights

Books that show how digital life feels on the ground and what it does to our inner world.

​

9. Rewired, Carl Marci (Wiley, 2022)

  • Marci, a psychiatrist and neuroscientist, explains what constant connectivity does to our brains and mental health. He blends clinical evidence with practical strategies for resilience. It’s science-heavy but accessible, a bridge between lab research and everyday life.

​

10. The Happiness Effect, Donna Freitas (Oxford University Press, 2017)

  • ​Freitas interviewed hundreds of students and found a culture of relentless performance and curation online. The pressure to appear perfect comes at the cost of honesty and connection. It’s a sobering but empathetic portrait of what digital life feels like from the inside.​​

Philosophy of Technology Mental Health

Technology & Mental Health
Influential Popular-Level Books 

  1. Alter, Adam. 2023. Anatomy of a Breakthrough: How to Get Unstuck When It Matters Most. New York: Penguin. 

    • Alter explores the psychology of why we get stuck in life and work, and how the same distraction-filled environment that derails us can also be reshaped to help us move forward. While not solely about screens, it speaks directly to how our habits and tools form the conditions for creativity and change. I’d recommend it as a way of rethinking both the costs of distraction and the possibility of using constraint to your advantage.

  2. Aviv, Rachel. 2022. Strangers to Ourselves: Unsettled Minds and the Stories That Make Us. New York: Norton.

    • ​​Aviv tells the stories of people wrestling with mental illness, weaving together psychiatry, culture, and lived experience. The result is a profound meditation on how we narrate our inner lives, and how those stories shape both suffering and healing. I found it a reminder that mental health is never just biology—it’s also meaning and relationship.

  3. Bauerlein, Mark, ed. 2011. The Digital Divide: Arguments for and Against Facebook, Google, Texting, and the Age of Social Networking. New York: Tarcher/Perigee. 

    • This collection gathers early reflections—some prophetic, some now outdated—on how social media would reshape culture and attention. Reading it today, you see how much was already clear more than a decade ago. It’s worth dipping into for perspective, both to see how we got here and to realize how much we ignored the warnings.

  4. Crouch, Andy. 2022. The Life We’re Looking For: Reclaiming Relationship in a Technological World. Nashville: Convergent. 

    • ​​Crouch argues that the deepest loss of our technological age isn’t productivity but personhood. He writes with unusual clarity about how we’re made for recognition, love, and presence—and how the “superpower” of technology tempts us to trade those things for efficiency. It’s a hopeful book, inviting us to imagine life where our tools serve relationships rather than replace them.

  5. Dennis-Tiwary, Tracy. 2022. Future Tense: Why Anxiety Is Good For You (Even Though It Feels Bad). New Haven: Yale University Press. 

    • Dennis-Tiwary reframes anxiety, not as a disease to be eliminated, but as an emotion that points us toward possibility. In a digital culture that amplifies fear and comparison, her research shows why anxiety can actually foster growth and resilience when we listen to it well. 

  6. Freitas, Donna. 2017. The Happiness Effect: How Social Media Is Driving a Generation to Appear Perfect at Any Cost. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 

    • Based on hundreds of interviews with college students, Freitas reveals how social media pressures young adults to curate flawless online selves. The result is anxiety, exhaustion, and loneliness—what she calls “the happiness effect.” It’s an eye-opening book if you want to understand the hidden costs behind the highlight reels.

  7. Haidt, Jonathan. 2024. The Anxious Generation: How the Great Rewiring of Childhood Is Causing an Epidemic of Mental Illness. New York: Penguin Press. 

    • Haidt makes the case that smartphones and social media fundamentally altered childhood, producing historic spikes in anxiety, depression, and loneliness. He combines hard data with policy proposals, including banning phones in schools. Whether you agree with every solution or not, the book is hard to ignore—it feels like a cultural reckoning with what we’ve done to our kids.

  8. Hari, Johann. 2022. Stolen Focus: Why You Can’t Pay Attention—and How to Think Deeply Again. New York: Crown. 

    • Hari investigates why it feels impossible to focus anymore, tracing the problem from dopamine-hijacking apps to collapsing sleep schedules. He writes in a journalistic, deeply personal style, weaving his own struggles with the research. For me, it lands as both diagnosis and invitation—to recover the possibility of sustained attention in a distracted age.

  9. Kim, Jay Y. 2022. Analog Christian: Cultivating Contentment, Resilience, and Wisdom in the Digital Age. Downers Grove, IL: IVP. 

    • Kim argues that following Jesus means cultivating the slow virtues—contentment, patience, wisdom—in a world that prizes speed, comparison, and outrage. He writes as a pastor immersed in digital culture but committed to an alternative way of life. If you’ve ever felt spiritually frayed by your phone, this is a refreshing companion.

  10. Lanier, Jaron. 2020. Ten Arguments for Deleting Your Social Media Accounts Right Now. New York: Holt. 

    • Lanier, a pioneer of virtual reality, lays out a blunt, urgent case for leaving social platforms altogether. His arguments are less about moral panic and more about human dignity: our minds and relationships are too precious to be sold as data. Even if you’re not ready to delete, the book sharpens your sense of what’s at stake.

  11. Levy, David. 2020. Mindful Tech: How to Bring Balance to Our Digital Lives. 2nd ed. New Haven: Yale University Press. 

    • Levy, a computer scientist turned mindfulness teacher, gives simple practices for being present even while using screens. Instead of just saying “unplug,” he shows how awareness can reshape the very way we email, scroll, and type. It’s a thoughtful, gentle book for those who can’t leave technology but don’t want to be ruled by it.

  12. Martin, Chris. 2022. Terms of Service: The Real Cost of Social Media. Nashville: B&H. 

    • Martin combines journalism, theology, and cultural analysis to show how social media monetizes our relationships and attention. He’s especially insightful on how this economy shapes our sense of identity and truth. If you’ve ever wondered why social media feels so spiritually corrosive, this book puts words to the unease.

  13. Newport, Cal. 2019. Digital Minimalism: Choosing a Focused Life in a Noisy World. New York: Portfolio. 

    • Newport proposes a philosophy of intentional screen use: cut out the noise, and let only what truly matters back in. He pairs practical “digital declutter” steps with a deeper reflection on meaning and attention. It’s become a touchstone for those of us who sense we need more than hacks—we need a philosophy of technology.

  14. Newport, Cal. 2021. A World Without Email: Reimagining Work in an Age of Communication Overload. New York: Portfolio. 

    • Newport shows how email and chat apps drain focus and mental health. He makes a compelling case for rethinking workflows around attention rather than availability. If you’ve ever felt your brain shredded by constant notifications, this is both validation and blueprint.

  15. Primack, Brian. 2021. You Are What You Click: How Being Selective, Positive, and Creative Can Transform Your Social Media Experience. New York: Penguin. 

    • Primack, a physician and researcher, argues that while social media can be toxic, small intentional choices radically shape its impact on our well-being. He gives practical advice rooted in research, not moralizing. It’s one of the few books that left many feeling empowered, not just warned.

  16. Roose, Kevin. 2021. Futureproof: 9 Rules for Humans in the Age of Automation. New York: Random House. 

    • Roose is a tech columnist who refuses to accept that automation means the end of humanity. His “rules” are really practices for staying human—fostering empathy, creativity, and resilience. I found it encouraging: technology may be changing everything, but we still have choices about what kind of people we become.

  17. Shimada, Naomi, and Sarah Raphael. 2020. Mixed Feelings: Exploring the Emotional Impact of Our Digital Habits. London: Abrams. 

    • This is a beautifully illustrated book exploring how social media makes us both connected and lonely, empowered and insecure. It reads like a set of intimate conversations about our ambivalence toward screens. It’s perfect if you want something reflective, honest, and artful.

  18. Turkle, Sherry. 2015. Reclaiming Conversation: The Power of Talk in a Digital Age. New York: Penguin. 

    • ​​Turkle argues that in losing face-to-face conversation, we’ve lost the foundation of empathy and community. Drawing on years of research, she shows how even small devices on the table change intimacy. It’s one of those books that makes you want to put your phone down and really look at the person across from you.
  19. Twenge, Jean M. 2017. iGen: Why Today’s Super-Connected Kids Are Growing Up Less Rebellious, More Tolerant, Less Happy. New York: Atria. 

    • Twenge uses massive survey data to trace how smartphones transformed an entire generation’s mental health and social world. Her claim that smartphones are at the center of a teen mental health crisis sparked fierce debate. Whether you agree with every conclusion or not, you can’t avoid the importance of her data.

Philosophy of Technology Mental Health

Technology & Mental Health
Influential Academic-Level Works 

  1. Aboujaoude, Elias. 2021. Digital Mental Health: Challenges and Opportunities. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 

    • Aboujaoude explores the rise of telepsychiatry, apps, and digital therapies, weighing both their promise and their pitfalls. What I like about this book is that it doesn’t get swept away by hype—it’s cautious but hopeful. If you want to understand what “digital mental health” really means, this is a reliable guide.

  2. Alter, Adam. 2017. Irresistible: The Rise of Addictive Technology and the Business of Keeping Us Hooked. New York: Penguin. 

    • Alter shows how our phones and apps are deliberately engineered to be compulsive, blending behavioral psychology with cultural critique. It’s unsettling, but it helps you see why “just put your phone down” is rarely enough. This book launched a wave of academic and public concern about “behavioral addiction,” and for good reason.

  3. Best, Paul. 2022. Digital Mental Health Interventions: Current Research and Practice. London: Routledge. 

    • Best gathers current evidence on app-based therapy, online interventions, and digital platforms in mental health care. It’s highly practical, with insights for clinicians and researchers alike. If you want to know what the science actually says about therapy-by-screen, this book gives you the state of the field.​​

  4. Blum-Ross, Alicia, and Sonia Livingstone. 2019. Parenting for a Digital Future: How Hopes and Fears about Technology Shape Children’s Lives. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 

    • This book examines how parents imagine their children’s futures in a world saturated by technology. Some see opportunities, others fear harm, but most are negotiating in real time without a map. I’d recommend it for anyone who wants to understand how families mediate the digital age.

  1. Braghieri, Luca, Ro’ee Levy, and Alexey Makarin. 2021. Social Media and Mental Health. Cambridge, MA: Harvard Business School Working Paper. 

    • One of the first studies to show causal links between social media and student well-being. The researchers tracked the rollout of Facebook on college campuses, finding declines in mental health as access spread. It’s not a beach read, but it’s a landmark in the debate over whether social media harms.

  2. Coyne, Sarah M. 2024. “Social Media and Youth Mental Health.” In Handbook of Youth Media. Cham: Springer. 

    • Coyne summarizes the latest research on how social media shapes adolescent development. She’s refreshingly nuanced, avoiding both “all bad” and “all good” arguments. This is a great resource if you want a balanced, evidence-based entry point.

  3. Dennis-Tiwary, Tracy. 2022. Future Tense: Why Anxiety Is Good For You (Even Though It Feels Bad). New Haven: Yale University Press. 

    • Dennis-Tiwary argues that anxiety isn’t just a disorder to eradicate but an emotion that helps us grow and adapt. She backs it with both research and clinical insight, reframing something we usually treat as purely negative. For scholars and practitioners, it offers a paradigm shift that feels both hopeful and humane.

  4. Freitas, Donna. 2017. The Happiness Effect: How Social Media Is Driving a Generation to Appear Perfect at Any Cost. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 

    • Freitas interviewed hundreds of college students about their social media lives and found a world of pressure, perfectionism, and loneliness. It’s rigorous research told in an accessible voice. If you want to know what it feels like on the ground for young adults, this is indispensable.

  5. Fahrudin, Adi, et al. 2024. “The Impact of Social Media on Mental Health: A Comprehensive Review.” South Eastern European Journal of Public Health. 

    • A sweeping review that collects evidence of both harms and benefits across cultural contexts. The authors argue for more longitudinal and culturally sensitive studies, which is exactly where the field needs to go. It’s one of those papers that doesn’t give neat answers but frames the real questions.

  6. House, Allan, and Cathy Brennan (eds.), 2023. Social Media and Mental Health. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 

    • An edited volume with contributions from leading researchers across psychiatry, psychology, and media studies. The book covers everything from adolescent risk to intervention strategies. If you want the most authoritative academic overview, this is a strong place to start.

  7. Marci, Carl. 2022. Rewired: Protecting Your Brain in the Digital Age. New York: Wiley. 

    • Marci is a psychiatrist who explains how constant connectivity shapes brain health, stress, and attention. The book is science-driven but written for practitioners and parents, with strategies for resilience. I like it because it bridges neuroscience and everyday life. 

  8. Naslund, John A., et al. 2020. “Social Media and Mental Health.” JAMA Psychiatry. 

    • A highly cited review article surveying the potential of social media in mental health interventions. It’s clear, measured, and realistic about both opportunities and dangers. Think of it as a snapshot of what the field knew just before the pandemic. 

  9. O’Reilly, Michelle. 2021. Digital Media and Child and Adolescent Mental Health: A Practical Guide to Understanding the Evidence. London: SAGE. 

    • This book takes a clinician’s eye to the evidence around children, teens, and digital media. It cuts through headlines to help professionals work with actual data. If you want a solid guide for practice, this is the one.

  10. Przybylski, Andrew. 2018. Motivations for Social Media Use. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 

    • Przybylski is one of the most influential psychologists studying digital media, and here he lays out why people are drawn to platforms in the first place. He shows how different motivations lead to very different outcomes. It’s essential for anyone trying to move past “screen time” as the only metric.

  11. Sampson, Tony D. 2020. A Sleepwalker’s Guide to Social Media. London: Palgrave. 

    • Sampson approaches social media from a cultural and theoretical lens, looking at how platforms shape our unconscious emotions. It’s not light reading, but it’s original and thought-provoking. I recommend it if you want to push beyond psychology into philosophy and media theory.

  12. Stea, Jonathan. 2024. Mind the Science: How to Spot and Stop Fake Health News. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 

    • Stea takes aim at pseudoscience in the wellness industry, which thrives on social media. He offers tools for spotting misinformation and valuing evidence-based care. It’s both a warning and a practical manual for living wisely in a world of clickbait health claims.

bottom of page